Louisa Bowles, the Belle of French Lick, Indiana

Knights of the Golden Circle Series

Louisa Bowles, aka Eliza Carlin (1814- aft 1860)

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by Carolyn Ann Howard

Jonathan Lindley and his caravan were not the only people coming into Orange County, Indiana in the early 1800s. Another early settler of Paoli was William Augustus Bowles. He is not to be confused with his famous uncle of the same name, although they had much in common. They were both born in Maryland of privilege, and they both sought to form their own states that would be out of the control of the United States government or any other government.

In his lifetime, the younger Bowles would corruptly receive the rank of Colonel in the Mexican American war, in command of the Second Indiana Volunteer Regiment. Later, he would achieve the title of Major General in the Knights of the Golden Circle (KGC).

Bowles Family, Maryland Branch

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To understand the man Bowles, one must know of the family structure into which he was born. Bowles is a part of the Maryland branch.

William Bowles’ grandfather, Thomas Bowles, emigrated from England to the United States in 1758 and settled in Frederick County, Maryland.1 Thomas was well educated and apparently wealthy or possessed the means to acquire wealth, as he purchased a large plantation in Maryland.2 Thomas Bowles was father to at least a dozen children, three of whom were notable. 

His eldest, William Augustus, was a loyalist to the crown during the Revolutionary War. Afterward, he collaborated with the Native Americans trying to form his own state that would have its own government. He aspired to be the state’s Director General. In reality, Bowles was nothing but a freeloader and a pirate: looting ships, stealing cargo, and torturing crew members.3 After forming a Seminole army to declare war on Spain in 1800, he was betrayed, arrested, and imprisoned. He died from starvation in 1805 at Castillo Morro in Cuba.4

Another son of Thomas was Evan Bowles. Evan became a surveyor for the government. He surveyed Louisiana, eventually purchased land there, and built a large sugar cane plantation. By the 1830 census, he owned 31 slaves.5 

And finally, Thomas’s son Isaac would become the father of William Augustus Bowles, the founder of French Lick, Indiana, and the subject of this work. It was this William Augustus Bowles who became the Major General in the Knights of the Golden Circle.

Introducing: William A. Bowles

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William Augustus Bowles, the nephew, was born in 1799 in Frederick County, Maryland, the eldest son of Isaac Bowles and Mary Bagford. It is likely he was named for Isaac’s brother William Augustus, who in 1799 was at the height of his legendary popularity. When his parents moved west to Indiana, Bowles came with them and settled in Fredericksburg, Washington County, Indiana. The Bowles family were Tories, loyal to the crown before and during the Revolutionary War. After the war was won by the Americans, many Tories felt safer in the newer western territories.6

We know little of Bowles in Fredericksburg except that he was a physician by this time, and he had two daughters with his first wife Louisiana Ferguson. In 1820, he was indicted for grave robbing.7 On the surface this might seem grotesque. For a doctor, however, this was one of the only ways to secure a corpse for study. In 1838, Louisiana petitioned the court for a divorce, which was granted.8 

Bowles is an enigma, a true jack-of-all-trades and perhaps master of none. He dabbled in the sale of liquor, was a medical doctor, a druggist, a politician, and even a pastor at one point. He was also in the hospitality business, having built the first French Lick, Indiana, hotel. One of his greatest accomplishments, however, may have been his marriage to his mysterious second wife. She came to Paoli as Eliza Carlin. Her real name, however, was Louisa Bowles, from Louisiana, and she was William Bowles’ first cousin.

It is interesting to note that William Bowles came from Frederick County, Maryland to Fredericksburg, Indiana. Also, his first wife’s name was Louisiana, and his second wife was born in Louisiana.

Introducing: Louisa Bowles (aka Eliza Carlin)

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 Franklin, Louisiana, initially established as Carlin Settlement, was named after Benjamin Franklin and located in St. Mary Parish. It became the parish seat in 1811. It was here in 1814 that Louisa Bowles was born into the elite and powerful sugarcane planter class.

Louisa’s father was Evan Bowles, the Anglo-American surveyor turned sugarcane planter and uncle of William Augustus Bowles, of Paoli, Indiana. Louisa’s mother was an American born Frenchwoman named Dorothea Carlin. Dorothea’s father was Joseph Carlin, a French-born soldier, for whom the Carlin Settlement was named.

The French were there first, but the Anglo-Americans began to arrive shortly after the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. Although not particularly accepting of each other, they soon realized that, politically, their two cultures must meld in order for their political power to be retained. Therefore, the two cultures began to intermarry and intermingle.9 Joining together, the Anglo-Americans and French Creoles found that they could form significant unions to make their plantations large and powerful. An example is the intermarrying of the Duffel and Landry families. By their intermarrying, they together formed a large sugar conglomerate in Ascension Parish.10 

Sugar cane was a tricky crop and cultivating it was a backbreaking job relegated to slaves. They prepared the ground each year for planting. After planting, because weeds grew quickly, the slaves weeded continually. Rats, who also loved sugar cane, had to be killed. After harvest, the cane was processed quickly, for it soon became useless. Slaves worked around the clock in 12-hour shifts. It was hot, dangerous work.11

When Louisa’s father, Evan Bowles, died in 1831, he left his plantation to his wife, Louisa’s mother, Dorothea, and to his only son, Thomas. His death also created a family emergency. Louisa needed a husband. Alexander Fields appeared seemingly out of nowhere, arriving in Franklin, Louisiana, from Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Louisa and Alexander were married.

In the 1840 census, Alexander is with Louisa and their two daughters. They had no slaves at the time of this census. Louisa’s brother, Thomas, who had no wife or children, was likely with his sister Eleanor, and her husband Simon Mathison as well as Dorothea. They had 49 slaves.

Thomas then died in 1841. He left his portion of the plantation to the sister, Eleanor, with whom he lived. The greater portion of the plantation, however, belonged to Dorothea, who was “interdicted,” meaning she was somehow impaired and unable to make legal decisions. Thomas, for some reason, left two different wills. One of the wills appointed his brother-in-law, Simon, as executor with Eleanor the sole heir. The other appointed his sister both sole heir and executrix. Alexander Fields jumped on this indiscretion in an attempt to make himself the inheritor of Thomas’ fortune. After a legal battle that left the judges incredulous, Alexander lost. In the final judgement, “…the assumption that the representative of the deceased partner can, at his pleasure, take the ownership and possession of the partnership property from the survivor, is unsustained by reason or authority.”12 At one point, Alexander even tried to go through Louisa to obtain the property. The outcome was the same: “He is there still, and cannot, by hanging to the skirts of the plaintiff, get into this court and assert his rights…” 13 In the end, the property was sold.

This was not the end of Alexander Fields and his seemingly unhappy marriage to Louisa Bowles, however. By 1843, less than two years after her brother, Thomas’ death, Louisa was married to William August Bowles in Paoli, Indiana, under the name of Eliza Carlin. On the plantation, Louisa would have had no say whatsoever in her future. With her father and only brother now deceased, her fate was in the hands of her uncles and husband. It may be that her uncle Honoré Carlin, her mother’s brother, paid a dowry to the only unmarried relative that would be willing to marry her and take her away. Indeed, Paoli, Indiana, was well over 900 miles from Franklin, Louisiana. At any rate, Louisa Bowles, now Eliza Carlin, would live out her life with William Augustus Bowles, until she divorced him right before her death.

Because sugar was in high demand, good sugarcane planters in Louisiana became quite wealthy. One such planter was Louisa Bowles’ first husband, Alexander Fields. By 1850, after he had divorced Louise, he had 27 slaves, was listed on the census as a planter, and had an overseer. He also owned $20,000 in real estate. He was married to his second wife now, with whom he lived, along with his two daughters from Louisa. Louisa’s mother, Dorothea was also in the household with Alexander. On the 1850 census, she was marked as “insane,” a blanket term used to describe many different sorts of maladies. It is quite possible that Honoré also cut some deal with Alexander for the care of his sister, Dorothea, and for the exile of his niece to Paoli.

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1. Kroger, Carol. “Thomas Bowles - Children Moved from VA to OH, IN, IL.” Genealogy.com,

2002, www.genealogy.com/forum/surnames/topics/bowles/1803/.  Accessed 16 Oct 2020.

2. Farquhar, Thomas M. The History of the Bowles Family. Philadelphia, 1907, p. 142. Archive.org: https://archive.org/details/historyofbowlesf00farq/ Accessed 17 Oct 2020

3. Pickett, Albert James. History of Alabama. Sheffield Alabama: R.C. Randolph, 1896, p. 412. Google
eBook.

4. Farquhar, p. 172.

5. LaPorte, Tom. “Evan Bowles of St. Mary's Parish, Louisiana.” Evan Bowles of St. Mary’s Parish, Louisiana, 2018, www.bowlesfamilyhistory.ca/evan_bowles_of_st__marys_parish_louisiana.htm.

6. Morgan, Robert. Boone: A Biography. Algonquin Books: 2008, p. 283. Kindle download.

7. Goodspeed Brothers. History of Lawrence, Orange, and Washington Counties, Indiana: Higginson Book Company, 1884, p. 740. Google eBook.

8. Ibid, p. 748.

9. Russell, Sarah. “Intermarriage and Intermingling: Constructing the Planter Class in Louisiana's Sugar Parishes, 1803-1850.” Louisiana History: The Journal of the Louisiana Historical Association, vol. 46, no. 4, 2005, p. 415. JSTOR, www.jstor.org/stable/4234137. Accessed 23 Oct. 2020.

10. Ibid, p. 419.

11. “Enslaved People's Work on Sugar Plantations.” The Saint Lauretia Project, University of Glasgow, runaways.gla.ac.uk/minecraft/index.php/slaves-work-on-sugar-plantations/. Accessed 26 Oct 2020.

12. Robinson, Merritt. Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in the Supreme Court of Louisiana. E. Johns & Co., 1843, -p. 42. Google eBook.

13. Ibid., p. 42.

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

The Contrived "Sin" of My Great Grandmother, Eva Carroll Painter

Benjamin W. Carroll Family Line

Eva King Carroll Painter (1870-1934)

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by Carolyn Ann Howard

My great grandmother, Eva Painter, was what my Uncle Willis called "a very nice person."  She was born in 1870 most likely near Birdseye, Indiana. Her maiden name was King. Click on photos to enlarge

Eva King Carroll Painter
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

Eva was the second wife of Hickman Carroll. Hickman Carroll's sister was Sarah Carroll who married Jacob Painter. Hickman died. Sarah died. And so Eva married Jacob Painter, her brother-in-law. From what I understand, my grandmother Grace, Eva's daughter, was L-I-V-I-D!

But why?

My father, from my recollections, said it was because of the relationship, in that they were "related" as in-laws. My grandmother was strictly Pilgrim Holiness and for a while, this thought held up. But now, after having scanned through Holiness doctrine, I find nothing in it that states a member can't marry an in-law. There are some laws against what is called a consanguine marriage, which, according to Wikipedia, is a "marriage between two family members who are second cousins or closer." Although, according to National Institute of Health (NIH), this definition is a bit simple, we'll use the Wikimedia definition for our purposes here. 

The problems allegedly with this type of arrangement - marrying a cousin - is some evidence of birth defects in their offspring. It is illegal here in the United States in some states to marry a first cousin. It is perfectly legal, however, to marry an in-law.

My great grandmother, Eva, with her husband, Hickman, and their children
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

Next, I checked the family tree to see if somehow Jacob Painter was blood related to Eva Carroll. I could find no evidence of any blood relations. So what was really going on here with Eva's daughter, Grace - my grandmother - and her anger at her mother marrying Jacob Painter?

My father told me that he believed his grandmother, Eva, was sickly. He said that his mother, Grace, had to take care of her brothers and sisters, taking over the cooking and other household duties, at the age of 12. And I can believe it, as my grandmother Grace was a power house in running a household. A widow when her youngest of seven children was just three years old, my father told me they had no bills growing up. No electricity, water, or phone bills!

Grace reared her children in the rural community of Alfordsville, Indiana, which at the time was a bustling community with its own school and general store. Many of the men of that town worked at the nearby Crane Naval Base, and a bus picked them up every morning. My father sings of a happy childhood filled with friends and neighbors, pick-up basketball games, and one school that served the entire community. He also dimly speaks of being forbidden food between meals - even a cracker - and how he fell down one day and hit his head, drawing blood and seeing stars, and was too afraid to tell anyone. He hid for hours until the dizziness passed.

Not having an income, except for a small pension from the Methodist Church, Grace grew and canned all their vegetables. It wouldn't surprise me if she made her own butter. She kept chickens but not a cow. Grace was an excellent cook, and we all stuffed ourselves with her yeast rolls and dumplings whenever we visited her at her final residence in Loogootee, Indiana.

Eva in her last days
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

Eva's first husband, Hickman, died in 1920. I'm pretty sure Eva got the house they lived in, because I remember my dad talking about how his mother got the house when Eva died. Apparently this was a source of contention within the family.  Eva received a small settlement from her husband's death, about $600. She waited six years before remarrying her brother-in-law, and she might have jumped at the chance to improve her situation. Jacob Painter offered her, at the least, stability and at best, which I believe he was, a companion.

After marrying Jacob Painter, she moved in with him in French Lick, Indiana. Did her house in Newton Stewart stay empty? I don't know. But there, in French Lick, in 1930, she watched as her 26-year-old daughter, Esther, died. Once shrouded in mystery, we now know she died from typhoid fever. Her obit states she was rejoicing and singing hymns as she died, which I doubt. I take little comfort that Esther was, at least, with her mom as she died.

Three years later, Jacob Painter died. My great grandmother Eva was then shuffled back to her daughter and son-in-law's home in Union, Indiana. My father, who was born in 1929, remembered Eva living with them. Eva died shortly after her husband, two days before Christmas Day, 1934. Her obit states, "She was sick a number of weeks but bore her suffering patiently till death relieved her and her spirit took its flight." That sounds like something my grandmother would have written.

My grandmother Grace perhaps had the last word. Using the weather as an excuse to keep Eva's body from being taken to the cemetery in Newton Stewart, to be buried with her first husband, Hickman, Grace had the body taken to Loogootee, IN, where she had a plot of six graves. Already buried in that plot were her sister, Esther, and a daughter who died as an infant. Newton Stewart would've been about a drive of 1 hour and 15 minutes today. Loogootee was not much better at an hour from Union, Indiana. Perhaps the roads were better? Perhaps, in the end, Grace wanted to keep her beloved family close?

Whatever the reason, my grandmother took total charge. Her mother is buried next to her and the name on the stone? It should've been Eva Painter. Instead, it says Amanda Carroll, using Eva's legal first name and the last name of her first husband. Such are the nightmares of a genealogist!

Jacob Painter is buried with his first wife, Hickman's sister, Sarah, in Wickliffe Cemetery, Crawford County, Indiana.

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

Indiana's Historic Pathway Is Scenic, Especially through Martin County, IN

The Travel Blog

Indiana's Historic Pathway is Scenic, Especially through Martin County, Indiana

Note: You can see larger images by clicking on the image you want to view.

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by Carolyn Ann Howard

Martin County's treasures are abundant, including its breathtaking scenery at every turn. Consider a road trip on U.S. 150 that runs from Loogootee to Shoals, Indiana, and then onward to twin towns of West Baden/French Lick. Click on photos to enlarge

U.S. 150 enters hilly Loogootee as flat farmland.

U.S. 150 enters Loogootee, IN, running concurrently with U.S. 231 and another historic route, U.S. 50.

The routes run together until the main intersection of Loogootee at JFK Avenue where U.S. 231 runs north and U.S. 150 and 50 run east.

The road running from Loogootee to Shoals, which is the county seat of Martin County, is fabulous.

It is a spectacular drive, especially when you go down that hill and it opens up into a valley. It's magical.

Keep driving and taking in all the beauty of the hills, valleys and plains.

Before crossing the bride into Shoals, you might want to veer right onto Capital Avenue. This street comes up as soon as you pass the Pilgrim Holiness Church that my great-uncle John Carroll founded. The Martin County Museum is housed in the old courthouse on Capital Avenue. This beautiful building was built in 1876 to replace the old one that had burned down. It now houses the Martin County Historical Society and Museum.

Upon arriving in the charming town of Shoals, you will cross the East Fork of White River. Its so breathtaking.

Shoals was platted in 1844 under the name of Memphis. I've heard different theories as to how the name Shoals came about, but I don't know which stories are true.

On you're right, before you to turn right on U.S. 150, you might want to pull into the iconic Bo-Macs for burgers and fries. You might then want to stop at the Marathon next door for gas and a restroom break. Be sure to turn right at the intersection, though. If you go straight, it'll take you to Bedford. We want to end up in the twin towns of West Baden and French Lick, so turn right, staying on US 150.

As you begin down this road, you'll notice heavily wooded areas. One of my best friends here in Evansville, Indiana, worked at a lumber yard for many, many years. He supplied many of the merchants in Martin, Daviess, and Spencer Counties in Indiana with lumber products.

Bob Tedrow is one of those buyers: "I purchased many loads of lumber from your friend. I would often spend an hour a week talking to him on the phone, we got to be very good friends." He continued, "As you travel Hwy. 150 there are many curves and hills, some of the “old timers” say the highway was built this way on purpose to make you slow down and take in all the scenery."

Beautiful scenery, indeed!

The next landmark is called Singing Hill. My great-uncle John Carroll, the great Pilgrim Holiness pastor, helped to build this Holiness Campground. I don't know much about it's history, but I'll bet it's interesting!

Look at that old gas station! I love old buildings. Always try to envision what they looked like in their heyday.

The road continues to be beautiful as we cross over from Martin County, Indiana to Orange County.

We'll soon be at the junction of US 150 and Indiana 56. Turn left to continue on US 150 onward to Paoli. Or turn right onto Indiana 56 to enter the beautiful twin towns of West Baden and French Lick. Get a room at either of the two grand hotels in the area and enjoy your stay!

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

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Google Photos are used with permission by giving the proper attribution