My Mom and Her Clothes - Mary Eulalie McLean Howard (1933-2021)

Growing Up with a Preacher Man

Rev. William "Lester" Howard (1929-2021)
Mary Eulalie McLean Howard (1933-2021)

My Mom and Her Clothes
____________________

by Carolyn Ann Howard

Click on photos to enlarge

Mom in our backyard in Monticello, IN
About 1974
Always well-dressed
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

 I have been thinking about clothes, because I need some. Target used to be my go-to for cute tops, until the pandemic somehow sunk the fashion world and sent it back to the 1800s.

Now, in 2022, it feels like they're trying to dig themselves out of the fashion hole, but I still didn't find any cute tops there yesterday. Instead, I found this:

It made for a good Facebook post, though, and my friends were discussing clothes. From this discussion, I remembered my parents once more and how they both were always dressed very well.

I don't know where or how my parents learned to dress. My mother was fantastic with colors. Me? Not at all. Nor was my dad, and so my mother would help him pick out what tie went with what suit, and he loved her for it.

Growing up in Monticello, Indiana, my father went to what was called a haberdasher. This was a person who dealt in men's clothes and helped businessmen dress well. Sure, my dad was a pastor, but make no mistake, he considered himself a businessman. Dad had a beautiful fedora that he kept in a hat box when he wasn't wearing it. Now that's saying something. If that man ever wore jeans in his life, I didn't know it. He was always dressed "to the nines," as they say. Suit slacks, button down shirt and tie on casual days, suit coat on not so casual day. When pastors started dressing casually for the church service, he lamented this. His reasoning was that because businessmen are always dressed well, then pastors should too. (Click on photos to enlarge.)

Mom could sew really well, too, so she would help Dad with alterations if needed. And look at that beautiful dress and those shoes on the above 1948 picture of Mom and Dad.

Mom loved clothes, jewelry, shoes, make-up... all the things. She would spend hours sometimes getting herself ready to go somewhere. Everything had to be just right. Just going through pictures of my parents to share here on this blog post, every picture, they are dressed very well.

Mom, second to the left, with her siblings.

Around 1977

Around 2001

Unfortunately, growing up, my mother was very strict in what I could and could not wear. I hated being under the pressure. I was already anxious as it were, a bit on the chubby side, and with a total lack of self-confidence. If I found things to wear that I was comfortable with, she would say no. I remember once I had put on an orange pair of pants and an orange shirt to wear to our church's skating party, and she grabbed me and told me in no uncertain terms that I wasn't leaving the house looking like that. We can laugh about it now.

When I was a young girl, she would spend what seemed like forever getting my bow tied on my dress just right for Sunday church. Standing still for however long it took her to get it perfect was harrowing, waiting for her to have it just right. And for what? A bow? Every time when she would untie the bow in exasperation, my spirits would fall.

Mom and me at Lincoln State Park
I'd say about 1965-66

It was such a fight all the time. Mom would drag me every year to Lafayette to shop for school clothes, and I can't stand to shop very long even to this day. We would hunt all morning for clothes to wear, and I hated everything she picked out, and she hated everything I picked out. Then we'd have lunch, and I'd be ready to go home, but I still didn't have any clothes. So, I gave in and let her buy the clothes she wanted me to have, and then I'd wear the same thing over and over again, even though I had perfectly good clothes in my closet. My body image, for one thing, was down the drain. That was a lot of it. But also, she never called me out for not wearing the clothes she had bought for me.

She finally one day took me to Miller's Department Store in Monticello and had a young lady there try to help me with things to wear. The thing about Miller's Department Store is that they didn't like their customers very much. I found a few things on that visit, but we only went once.

Finally at 16, she let me loose. We had just gotten a newfangled general merchandise retailer in our little town called Schultz Department Store - a fancy K-Mart. I was so happy. She gave me money and said "go buy your own clothes." And boy, did I ever. This is one of the first outfits I bought after being given my liberation. It's not so bad, right?

The first outfit I bought on my own
I've always loved cemeteries
My apologies to the Owens family

Even toward the end, my dad made sure my mom always had good clothes to wear at the nursing home. He would pick them out himself and take them down there, and tell the workers exactly what pants went with what shirt. He also made sure her hair was done by a beautician every week.

Mom at the nursing home, December 2020

 My father's impeccable dress may have done him some disservice at the end. I was trying my hardest to get people to see that he needed help, and no one would listen, including my dad. He still was able to dress well, and he was in denial that he needed help. Because he played everything off, so did everyone else, no matter how loud I was yelling to the contrary. It was too late by the time he realized he needed help. We were able to get him into the nursing home, but it was too late to make him well again.

In the end, Mom passed just months after Dad, so we decided to brand their funeral pics by using this one from 1976. I'm not sure why Dad is cut off a bit in this one. They are fully centered in the original. I loved that tree behind them - a sassafras that was in our front yard at Monticello. But this picture epitomizes my parents and their impeccable dress. A fitting tribute, I thought, to their end of life.

 

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

Henry F. Howard (1870-1953)

 Johann Gottfried Hauer (John Godfrey Howard) Family Line

Henry F. Howard (1870-1953)
____________________ 

by Carolyn Ann Howard

Something I've learned, even though it seems like it should have been so clear, is how little information Ancestry really can tell you about your family. For instance, Henry F. Howard, in the 1880 census, the first census that he is counted, lived not with his parents but with his aunt and uncle. His younger brother is living there, too. Henry is 10 and his brother, Charles, is 6. Henry's mom, Frances, was listed with her son, Merritt. Merritt was listed as the head of household and as a carpenter.

A lot of the Howard family line ended up in Michigan, which led my dad to assume that the Howard family, as a group, walked from New York to Michigan. And then - according to his incorrect theory - our direct Howard line walked from Michigan down to Martin County, Indiana. This is untrue, and I have proven that this is not the case. My Howard family line came directly from New York to Martin County, Indiana, perhaps via the Erie Canal. This is where Ancestry's limitations come in. The point is that Henry F. Howard's family was disjointed in the 1880 census, and the cold, hard facts cannot, as of now, tell us why.

Henry F. Howard is my second cousin, three times removed. His parents are Seth C. Howard and Frances Peck. There's that name Peck again. It keeps coming up over and over, seemingly unrelated, but we know that nothing in genealogy is unrelated. My common ancestor with Henry F., though, is his great-grandfather, who is my 4x great grandfather, John Godfrey Howard. When Godfrey came to the colonies from Germany to fight in the Revolutionary War as a Hessian soldier, did he realize how vast and diverse his family would become? Does my father, who has since passed and is in heaven, talk with John Godfrey about any of this? Does it matter by then? I don't know, but I love, love, love researching family stories here on earth! And not just my family, but I have a few Martin County and Orange County, Indiana, families who are unrelated to me that I research and study. It's so interesting.

In 1893, Henry F. married Louise Thompson. My friend and cousin, Glenn, has her listed as Sarah Louise. I'm sure he is correct. He also provides a picture of the happy couple: Click on photos to enlarge

Henry and Louise Howard
Courtesy Lovell Family Collection

In the 1900 census, Henry and Louise lived at 114 State Street in Batavia, New York. They have two children with them on this census. Florence was 4 years old and Ernest was 2. This census tells us how many times she had been pregnant, and it was 2 times. So fortunately, she had not suffered any miscarriages or stillbirths. The home they lived in was rented, and he was a carpenter. His father had also been a carpenter.

In the 1905 New York State Census, the family lived at 307 North Street in Buffalo. He was still a carpenter and living with them were their three children, Florence, Ernest, and Delbert. (I love the name Delbert.)  The two older children were listed "at school," and the youngest, 5-year-old Delbert, is "at home."

In the 1910 census, Henry and Louise lived at 108 E. North Street in Buffalo, New York. Their now four children are listed with them: Florence, Ernest, Delbert, and Dorothy. This census showed that she has had 5 births with 4 living children. The house they lived in was also rented, and he was a carpenter of "buildings." So... a construction worker then? He was a wage earner, so he worked for someone else.

In the 1915 New York State Census, the family lived at 283 Lemon Street. Why did they move around so much? He was still a carpenter. Florence was not in their house anymore, as she was now married and living with her husband. The eldest son, Ernest, who was 17, was a lithographer. Delbert and Dorothy were "at school."

In 1920, the family still lived on 283 Lemon Street in Buffalo. It was Henry and Louise with their two youngest children, Delbert and Dorothy. Henry F. was still a carpenter of "house." Their eldest, Florence, was married and still in Buffalo. Their eldest son, Ernest, was living with Florence and her husband, Albert Windisch! Ernest's wife on the 1920 census was listed as "Mrs. Ernest." Ernest was a "motor mechanic" working in a garage. Florence's husband was a lithographer. They were both wage earners. Of course the women and children's occupations were listed as "none." That was the culture at that time. That doesn't mean, however, that they didn't earn wages. They may have been self-employed as seamstresses or other domestic services.

Funnily enough, after reading Florence's obituary, it said she was a retired seamstress. Why did the census enumerator list her occupation as "none?" Did he just assume that, as a woman, she was at home, keeping house? Did he discount that she was bringing money into the home? Did he even bother to ask what her occupation was?

In the 1925 New York State census, Henry and his wife lived on 374 Florida Street in Buffalo. Their son, Delbert, 25 years old, lived with them as a machinist. Their daughter, Dorothy, 17 years old, was a clerk. Henry was still a carpenter, and he would be listed as such until he retired.

In 1930, Henry and his wife lived with their daughter Florence and her husband, Russell Jones. Also on this census was Florence and Russell's 16-year-old daughter, Doris Jones, and Henry and Louise's 22-year-old daughter, Dorothy Howard. They are also no longer in New York but now are in Detroit, Michigan. Interesting. Dorothy was a "saleslady" at a department store. Florence was listed as a dressmaker at "garmentworks" and her husband a "photo engineer." It is good to see that Florence was given credit for her career as a seamstress and also Dorothy in sales.

Henry F's wife, Louise, died in 1938, if I have researched correctly. Something feels off here, though, and, even after an entire day's worth of researching, I am unable to put my finger on what I'm feeling. I wish I knew more! Hopefully one day I will!

Henry F. Howard
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

 In the 1940 U.S. census, Henry was correctly listed as a widow, still lived with his daughter, Florence and her husband, Russell Jones. They were at 1764 Helen Avenue. And now, Henry's daughter, Doris, who was married to Lanis Robbins, along with their children, lived in the same household as well. On this census, we find out that Henry F. had a 6th-grade education. He apparently is retired, as the block for his employment is blank. I looked up 1764 Helen Street on Google Maps, and it looks like this house has been torn down. Comparing it to other houses in the neighborhood, they look big enough to support three families. Being used to living in a so-called "nuclear family," I find it fascinating how parents and children so often cohabitated together. I love it.

Unfortunately, the cohabitation wasn't enough for Henry F. Howard. And no amount of time on Ancestry can let us know what demons this poor soul was dealing with. I will, of course, continue to study. Unfortunately, Henry ended his own life 28 Oct 1953 by putting a bullet into his head. He and his wife are not buried side-by-side. I'm not even sure at this point if they're in the same cemetery together. There's something there, that is for sure.

Henry with his sister, Ella, who died in 1952
Ella went by many different names in her life
In the end, she went with Ella
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

Peter Howard of Brunswick, New York (1797-1865) The Father of a Gentleman

  Johann Gottfried Hauer (John Godfrey Howard) Family Line

 Peter Howard of Brunswick, New York (1797-1865) The Father of a "Gentleman"
___________________

 by Carolyn Ann Howard
This post was updated 05 May 2022
Click on photos to enlarge

The purchase of Peter Howard's bible was nearly fruitless
I'm glad I have it, though.

My Howard family came to America through John "Godfrey" Howard, a Hessian soldier, who was hired by the British to fight against the Americans in the Revolutionary War. After the war, Godfrey Howard took up George Washington's offer to stay in America simply by taking an oath of allegiance to the United States. Howard settled down in Grafton, New York, got married and had children. One of those children was Peter Howard.

Peter Howard was born in Grafton, New York on 17 May 1797. He was baptized as an infant at The Gilead Lutheran Church in Brunswick, New York. I have these records in a box that's in the closet. I'm sure the record has the exact date, but all I recorded on my Ancestry tree was 1797 for the baptism. And that box is not easy to get down, either, so we'll leave it at that for now. Peter's baptismal sponsors were Peter Hoener, Jr and wife Elisabeta. The church building where he was baptized is no longer there, but the Gilead Church itself is still going strong, having relocated 2-1/2 miles south in 1817.

Peter married Sarah Brust 01 Feb 1823. I only know this because I have his Bible, and it is written inside it. I don't have a marriage certificate or any other document on Ancestry for this marriage. (Correction: Family Search has a text file for this event. The marriage occurred at the Gilead Lutheran Church.) Sarah was the daughter of Matthew Brust and Anna Maria "Mary" Wager. She was born somewhere in or around 1801 in New York. Peter and Sarah had only 3 sons that I can tell: Isaac (1824-1887),  Lyman (1826-1843), and Jacob (1835-1877).

Peter's father, John Godfrey, along with several of his brothers and sisters, migrated to Middlebury, New York, in or around 1831 at the age of 77. After the trip, he soon died, which so often happened to the older folks. Peter and John, Jr. were the only sons still living who stayed behind in Grafton.

I know very little about Peter Howard and family. I was hoping the purchase of his Bible on eBay would tell his tale. It didn't. We do have the census records, however. In the 1850 census, Peter was with his wife, Sarah, and 2 surviving sons in Brunswick, New York. Peter was listed as a farmer. His eldest son, aged 26, a school teacher. His younger son, aged 13, a laborer. Their middle son had since died. This Howard family were surrounded by Brusts!

In the 1855 New York State Census, the family were in the same place, and Peter and his two surviving sons were all listed as farmers. In the 1860 Federal census, they were in the same place; they were all together in the same household, and they were all listed as farmers. Peter's land, according to the census, was worth $2,000. His personal estate: $300. 

The subject of our essay, Peter, died in 1865 of stomach cancer; my cousin told me the cause of death. Isaac was his - as they say now - personal representative. I can find no records of how the will was distributed, only that Isaac was the one in control of the estate.

Am I wrong to wonder why these two sons never got married? Don't you think it's a little odd in the late 1800s to have two sons who didn't marry? And how did that middle son die?

Five years after Peter's death, in the 1870 census, Sarah and her two sons were still together on the same farm, that was now worth $3,000. The eldest son, Isaac, 46, was listed once more as a school teacher. The youngest son, Jacob, 35, was listed as a farm laborer. Why was Isaac a school teacher and not a farmer? After all, he now was the head of household on a farm that in 1870 was worth $3,000. Isaac had been a schoolteacher before, however, and maybe after his father died, he felt he could get back to it.

There also are no longer any Brusts on the same page as they are, nor the page before, nor the page after. There is the George Wager family, who likely was a relation to Peter's mother-in-law.

In the 1875 state census, it was just Isaac and Jacob living together. Their mother, Sarah Brust, had died that same year. Isaac was listed as a school teacher and Jacob as a farm laborer. Two years later, Jacob was dead. It is said that he drowned while intoxicated. I don't believe it. And why not? Because by the 1880 census, Issac had sold all the land and had moved to Lansingburgh, New York, a part of modern-day Troy. He was a boarder of George Clickner. I did George Clickner's tree to see if there was any familial relationship between his family and the Howards. There wasn't.

Issac's occupation on that census? Gentleman. Translation: Someone who has made so much money off an inheritance, that they no longer need an income. Well, good for Isaac, I guess. But why not just put "retired" or "retired school teacher?" That he told the census enumerator that he was a "gentlemen" feels arrogant to me. I do not have the answer. But hopefully one day, I will! And when I find it, you, dear reader, will be the first to know!

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

Bertha "Esther" Carroll (1903-1930) "Factory Girl"

 Benjamin W. Carroll Family Line

Bertha "Esther" Carroll (1903-1930)
____________________

by Carolyn Ann Howard

I was nearly 22 when my grandmother, Grace Mae Carroll Howard, died in 1983. I was engaged to my first husband, in college, and so out-of-touch from my larger Howard family. My then fiancé and I went to the visitation in Shoals, Indiana, but we came back to Evansville soon after. It was a Sunday, and he stayed the night with me. We slept on the sleeper sofa that Mom had in her living room, as my room was only big enough for a twin bed. The next morning, I went to school and my fiancé went to work.

My mother was particularly distraught when they arrived back home that Monday night. She sat in her car just bawling. I'm not sure how I joined her in the car, but I did, and I couldn't console her. I didn't understand exactly what was wrong. I remember it had something to do with the family divvying up my grandmother's possessions after her funeral. In hindsight, the children went awfully fast settling my grandmother's estate. And, oh, I get it, after having lost both my parents as well. But Grace only died on a Friday and all of her possessions were distributed among the children before Monday night was over. I got the sense that it was a little messy.

After I started working on my Howard family tree in or around 2011, I asked my father if I could have something that belonged to his mother and *hopefully* maybe even something that belonged to my great-grandmother. His answer? He didn't have anything. Neither my mom nor my dad, as far as I can tell, took anything for themselves that evening.

Not only was my mother not close to her mother-in-law, but I also wasn't close to my grandmother, but I understand my grandmother all too well. Grandmother Howard, as she wanted to be called, was a Methodist "in name only." Her roots were Pilgrim Holiness, and she was quite devout and eager to follow the rules. No pants. No cards. No dice. No gambling. No make-up. No jewelry. No hair cuts. No shorts. No fun. The environment inside her home was, to me as a child, stifling.

When I started doing my Howard family's genealogy, I was shocked to find pictures of my grandmother's beautiful sister, Bertha Carroll, who went by her middle name, Esther. Why? Because she had styled hair with ornaments in it, and her neckline wasn't tight fitting. I was intrigued by this beautiful picture. Click on photos to enlarge

Esther Carroll
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

The Carroll sisters at their home in Newton Stewart
Grace is on the left, Esther is on the right
Notice that Grace's arms are completely covered
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

Esther Carroll was born in 1903 in Newton Stewart, Indiana, which is now underwater as Patoka Lake. The U.S. Corp of Engineers purchased 3,150 acres of land from the occupants of Newton Stewart. From what I understand, it wasn't pretty. As far as my grandmother, Grace, who inherited the Newton Stewart home from her mother in 1934, I imagine she had sold the house long before the U.S. Corp of Engineers started poking their noses in sometime in the 1970s.

Esther Carroll with her two nephews, my late Uncles Paul and Albert
She's in a dress, yes, but it is ornamented and has short sleeves
Is that a pearl necklace? (I'm pretty sure it is!)
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

Another clue that Esther Carroll wanted nothing to do with Pilgrim Holiness is that, instead of getting married, she took a job as a machine operator at Remy Electric Company in Anderson, Indiana. How brave of her to leave her family to work in a factory nearly 200 miles away from her home! The Remy Company made many things, such as electric motors. In 1919, it was taken over by General Motors.

In her obituary, it states she transferred her United Methodist membership to the Methodist Church in Anderson, Indiana, in 1928.

Esther Carroll
I've always considered her a woman of fashion
Carolyn Ann Howard Family Collection

My family has always been so very secretive about e-v-e-r-y-t-h-i-n-g. Nobody ever talked about Esther. The subject was taboo. Therefore, feeling she was rebellious by going against the status-quo, I always wondered if she died in childbirth. Esther died in 1930 at the age of 26 at the home of her mother in French Lick, Indiana.

Her obituary feels contrived: 

In May 1929 in a meeting held at the Second Pilgrim Holiness church by her [half] brother, Rev. J. H. Carroll, she received the experience of Sanctification. She lived a consecrated Christian life to her departure, singing, testifying and praising God on her death bed. Just a few hours before her departure she told her doctor she was saved and sanctified."

To my grandmother and, honestly, to my dad as well, someone telling a doctor about being saved and sanctified was just as good as talking to Jesus himself.

I always wondered what happened to her at Remy that caused her to come back home and succumb to the experience of "Sanctification." What was this change of heart, especially since her mother and stepfather never struck me as being faithful churchgoers? This is why I came to the conclusion that perhaps she had become pregnant, and that my grandmother needed to cover that up.

Even this final line from her obit is forced: 

Death came quietly and peacefully, just stepping from this life of toil and labor to the beautiful reward, promised to them that love God.

Did my grandmother write this? I don't know for sure, but it sure sounds like her.

Finally, sometime last year, Ancestry posted Esther's death certificate. Her cause of death? Typhoid Fever. Yikes. This is what happened that caused her to come home from Anderson. She had become ill. Nor did she die quietly and peacefully. The symptoms of typhoid are grueling. Esther most likely had extremely high fever, rash, pounding headaches, and severe abdominal pain. Poor dear. I doubt she was doing any singing.

I'm not sure where my father got his believe that sickness = sin, but he did have this belief, even though he fought against it. He knew it was false doctrine, but it had been ingrained into his psyche from an early age. But, this belief might be the reason for all the secrecy surrounding his Aunt Esther. Even so, my Grandmother Grace named her daughter in honor of her sister.

Esther's occupation on her death certificate was "Factory Girl."

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC

Things My Great Granduncle Said - John Louis Pfingston (1902 - 1900)

 John Heinrich Pfingston Family Line

John Louis Pfingston (1902-1990) Things my Great Granduncle Said

____________________

 Transcribed by Carolyn Ann Howard
Click on photos to enlarge

My friend and I just got back from the Henderson County Library after having listened to an in-depth interview with my grand grand uncle, John Louis Pfingston. John Pfingston lived in Henderson County, Kentucky, close to the ghost town of Scuffletown, which was located on the Ohio River directly across from the Newburgh, Indiana Lock and Dam.

Where Scuffletown Was
Google Maps
Proper Attribution Given

 Scuffletown quickly became a ghost town in 1937 after record flooding. Here is what John Pfingston had to say about that.

In 1913 we had water that got 48 [feet] and some 10ths, the biggest water we ever had, and we never thought we'd have something like that anymore. [The year] 1937 started and people knew [the water from the Ohio River] wouldn’t get higher than it did in 1913. They blocked [their] furniture up above the 1913 water [mark]. [The river] kept rising and kept raining.  And raining upstream. It rained 1 to 4 inches up there practically everyday. When it crested, it crested 54 [feet] something. That was 6 feet higher than 1913. Didn’t nobody ever dream of getting water that big...

...We started out with these boats. First we got the people out of the river bottoms. We took them to Newburgh, Spottsville or wherever they wanted to go. They wanted us to get their furniture, but we didn’t have time to fool with their furniture. We were going to get people and then we were going to get livestock. We got all the people out and got them on high ground, and then we started to get livestock. We got everything about out of Scuffletown bottoms and took them to Newburgh or Spottsville. I had one boat I didn’t see for 2-3 weeks and when I did, it was tore all to pieces. Tom, Dick, and Harry ran it. Even the motor was burned out; they didn’t put any oil in it

As far as rescuing the cattle:

Some of them had been in that cold water so long they couldn’t walk. They were numb. They liked to froze to death. A lot we had to drag onto the boat. We had some feed on there, some corn and hay. They would lay there and eat and by the time we’d get to Spottsville, Newburgh, Henderson, a lot of them were able to stand up and able to walk. 

On the future of our country:

I said now you boys and girls grow up and be good men and women, that's what the whole world needs. I said, you’re important. You’re going to be running our country before long. We have older people who are going to have to step down. You might be governor or president of the United States. The world is starving for is good men and good women.

About growing up on the farm:

It was a lot of hard work. Nothing easy about it. All hard work. We had to pump water for all the stock. We finally got a windmill at home, and that solved the problem pretty well. It was 60 feet tall. I didn’t mind the climb back then when I was a kid. Didn’t take hardly any wind to turn it, and when it turned, it would pump water. I'd go up every 2 weeks to oil it. Pretty soon our neighbors got windmills, and they’d give me $1 to oil their windmills.

On the World Wars:

World War One. There was four of us boys. And it just happened that we were in the age group that none of us had to go to World War One or Two. We didn’t do anything to keep from going, we were just out of the age. Of course somebody had to go. I get to thinking about these wars. We whooped Germany twice. Whooped Japan. Japan now is taking over.

On Russia:

And I’m scared to death of Russia. I was over there in Russia 12 days; I’m scared of it. You can’t depend on them. Afraid something is going to happen to blow us off the map. And they’ll do it. They don’t believe in God. They don’t value life.  I will say one thing, they keep everything clean. There’s something good about them.

On the Great Depression of 1929:

Nobody had anything. There was no money. I don’t know where the money was at. You could canvas the whole county or go house to house, I doubt you would find $300. There just wasn’t any money.

On the Use of Chemicals in Farming

Farming has changed. Used to chop weeds over there with a hoe and now they use a chemical... But this chemical that farmers are using, I’m afraid sooner of later its going to backfire. They are absolutely getting this soil full of it, and when it rains, part of it goes into the river. I’m afraid they’re going to have troubles.

Advice to Youth

I done said it. I want to tell them to stay away from this dope. This marijuana and alcohol. Absolutely no good. It’ll ruin your life. There’s people in penitentiary right now, dope addicts, wish they never saw the stuff.

The Greatest Thing to Ever Happen 

The greatest thing that happened to the rural area is getting electricity. That got rid of a lot of the hard work. Before that, they didn’t have nothing. No refrigerator, radio, TV, [or] bathroom, and that’s why people are living longer today. Things are a lot cleaner than they used to be.

© 2022 by December Moonlight Publishing, LLC